Efficient Clearance of Early Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages Requires M2c Polarization and MerTK Induction

Polarization and MerTK Induction by Human Macrophages Requires M2c Efficient Clearance of Early Apoptotic Cells

Clearance of Apoptotic Cells Different Axl/Mertk/Tyro3 Receptors in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Use

Complement-dependent Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Human Macrophages

Apoptotic cells are rapidly engulfed by phagocytes, but the receptors and ligands responsible for this phenomenon are incompletely characterized. Previously described receptors on blood- derived macrophages have been characterized in the absence of serum and show a relatively low uptake of apoptotic cells. Addition of serum to the phagocytosis assays increased the uptake of apoptotic cells by m...

Calreticulin Release at an Early Stage of Death Modulates the Clearance by Macrophages of Apoptotic Cells

Calreticulin (CRT) is a well-known "eat-me" signal harbored by dying cells participating in their recognition by phagocytes. CRT is also recognized to deeply impact the immune response to altered self-cells. In this study, we focus on the role of the newly exposed CRT following cell death induction. We show that if CRT increases at the outer face of the plasma membrane and is well recognized by...

Silent cleanup of very early apoptotic cells by macrophages.

Apoptotic cells are phagocytosed as soon as they appear in vivo. In this study, we first determined precisely at what stage apoptotic cells are phagocytosed by macrophages, and then examined the subsequent cytokine production. Phagocytosis was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy, whereas the subsequent response was examined by ELISA and RT-PCR for quantitative and semiquan...